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Potion Brewing Guide

Complete brewing reference for Minecraft Java Edition 1.21+

How does brewing work?

Potions are brewed in a Brewing Stand, which requires Blaze Powder as fuel (one powder = 20 brews). You can brew up to three potions at once by filling the bottom three slots. The ingredient goes in the top slot and is consumed after one brew cycle.

The brewing process

  • Step 1: Fill Glass Bottles with water from a water source or cauldron.
  • Step 2: Add Nether Wart to Water Bottles to create Awkward Potion — the base for almost every useful potion.
  • Step 3: Add the primary ingredient (e.g. Ghast Tear for Regeneration, Sugar for Swiftness).
  • Step 4: Optionally add a modifier: Redstone Dust to extend, Glowstone Dust to strengthen, Gunpowder to splash.

Getting brewing ingredients

Most brewing ingredients require a trip to the Nether. Nether Wart grows on Soul Sand in Nether Fortresses. Blaze Powder is crafted from Blaze Rods dropped by Blazes in Nether Fortresses. Magma Cream drops from Magma Cubes or is crafted from Slimeball + Blaze Powder. Ghast Tears are dropped by Ghasts.

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Regeneration
Positive
Restores health over time (1 heart per 2.5s)
Base:Awkward Potion
+Ghast Tear0:45
Level II
+ Glowstone Dust0:22
Extended
+ Redstone Dust1:30
SplashLingering
Swiftness
Positive
Increases movement speed by 20%
Base:Awkward Potion
+Sugar3:00
Level II
+ Glowstone Dust1:30
Extended
+ Redstone Dust8:00
SplashLingering
Fire Resistance
Positive
Immunity to fire, lava and flame damage
Base:Awkward Potion
+Magma Cream3:00
Extended
+ Redstone Dust8:00
SplashLingering
Healing
Positive
Instantly restores 2 hearts
Base:Awkward Potion
+Glistering Melon SliceInstant
Level II
+ Glowstone DustInstant (4 hearts)
SplashLingering
Night Vision
Positive
See clearly in darkness and underwater
Base:Awkward Potion
+Golden Carrot3:00
Extended
+ Redstone Dust8:00
SplashLingering
Strength
Positive
+3 melee damage per hit
Base:Awkward Potion
+Blaze Powder3:00
Level II
+ Glowstone Dust1:30
Extended
+ Redstone Dust8:00
SplashLingering
Leaping
Positive
Jump higher and take less fall damage
Base:Awkward Potion
+Rabbit's Foot3:00
Level II
+ Glowstone Dust1:30
Extended
+ Redstone Dust8:00
SplashLingering
Water Breathing
Positive
Breathe underwater indefinitely
Base:Awkward Potion
+Pufferfish3:00
Extended
+ Redstone Dust8:00
SplashLingering
Invisibility
Positive
Become invisible to mobs and players
Base:Night Vision Potion
+Fermented Spider Eye3:00
Extended
+ Redstone Dust8:00
SplashLingering
Brew Night Vision first, then add Fermented Spider Eye
Turtle Master
Positive
Slowness IV but Resistance III — great for tanking
Base:Awkward Potion
+Turtle Shell0:20
Level II
+ Glowstone Dust0:20 (Resistance IV)
Extended
+ Redstone Dust0:40
SplashLingering
Slow Falling
Positive
Fall slowly, no fall damage
Base:Awkward Potion
+Phantom Membrane1:30
Extended
+ Redstone Dust4:00
SplashLingering
Poison
Negative
Deals damage over time (cannot kill)
Base:Awkward Potion
+Spider Eye0:45
Level II
+ Glowstone Dust0:22
Extended
+ Redstone Dust1:30
SplashLingering
Weakness
Negative
-4 melee attack damage
Base:Water Bottle
+Fermented Spider Eye1:30
Extended
+ Redstone Dust4:00
SplashLingering
Weakness needs only Water Bottle — no Awkward Potion!
Slowness
Negative
Reduces movement speed by 15%
Base:Swiftness Potion
+Fermented Spider Eye1:30
Level II
+ Glowstone Dust0:20 (Slowness IV)
Extended
+ Redstone Dust4:00
SplashLingering
Brew Swiftness first, then add Fermented Spider Eye
Harming
Negative
Instantly deals 3 hearts of damage
Base:Healing Potion
+Fermented Spider EyeInstant
Level II
+ Glowstone DustInstant (6 hearts)
SplashLingering
Brew Healing or Poison first, then add Fermented Spider Eye
Awkward Potion
Base
No effect — used as the base for almost all potions
Base:Water Bottle
+Nether Wart
Always start here. Nether Wart grows on Soul Sand in Nether Fortresses.
Thick Potion
Base
No effect — limited use
Base:Water Bottle
+Glowstone Dust
Mundane Potion
Base
No effect — limited use
Base:Water Bottle
+Any brewing ingredient
Potion Modifiers
🔴
Redstone Dust
Extends duration (usually ×2–×2.7). Cannot be combined with level II.
Glowstone Dust
Upgrades to level II (stronger effect, shorter duration). Cannot combine with extended.
💥
Gunpowder
Converts any potion into a Splash Potion that can be thrown to affect an area.
🐉
Dragon's Breath
Converts a Splash Potion into a Lingering Potion that leaves an area-of-effect cloud.
🕷
Fermented Spider Eye
Corrupts a potion, usually inverting its effect (Healing→Harming, Swiftness→Slowness, Night Vision→Invisibility).

Splash and Lingering Potions

Adding Gunpowder to any potion converts it into a Splash Potion that can be thrown like an egg. It affects all entities in the impact area, making it great for healing teammates or harming enemies. The area of effect is smaller than the bottle's range implies — aim at the target's feet for best results.

Adding Dragon's Breath (collected from the Ender Dragon's breath cloud using a glass bottle) to a Splash Potion creates a Lingering Potion. When thrown, it leaves a cloud on the ground that applies its effect to anyone who walks through it for up to 30 seconds.

PvP potion tips

  • Strength II + Sharpness V sword = extremely high damage output
  • Fire Resistance removes the risk from fire-based PvP arenas
  • Splash Harming II deals 6 hearts instantly — always carry a few in PvP
  • Splash Slowness reduces enemy kiting ability significantly
  • Splash Weakness + Golden Apple cures zombie villagers
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